04. Sedimentary cover from the Ancient Planet.

A sample of the formation of a sedimentary cover.

The origin of layered horizontal structures of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet is similar to the formation of glaciers. A prolonged accumulation of precipitation forms thin parallel layers, which are visible on the scrap of the glacier.

Photo-045. Antarctica. Glacier. Flat pristine surface.

Photo-046. Antarctica. Skole edge of the glacier. Shards - icebergs.

Photo-047. Antarctica. The comparative size and shape of the glacier.

Photo-048. Glacier in the Arctic. Interlayers from sedimentary deposits.

The structure of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet is visible on all continents of the Earth.

The overwhelming number of rocks has a structure of horizontal layers of sedimentary deposits in a deep water environment.The Ancient Planet had a deep ocean. Tidal deformations of the crust led to underwater volcanic eruptions. The larger the size of the erupted stones, the closer to the source of the eruption they settled. The fine fraction settled and lasted longer and longer from the eruption site. Thus, horizontal layers of sedimentary deposits form on the ocean floor. Thickness in kilometers. The lava flows over the sedimentary cover and freezes. A new sedimentary cover is formed on top of the lava. And all this - horizontal layers:

Photo-049. Wild beach, Broad Balka, Novorossiysk. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-050. Crimea. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Overall plan.

Photo-051. Crimea. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Close-up.

Photo-052. Carpathians. The Pistynka River. Kosmach. 700 meters above sea level. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. (wikimapia)

Photo-053. Keiss Castle, Scotland. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-054. Rock Dan Brist in Ireland. Dan Bristy. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-055. Ireland. Cliffs of moher. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-056. "Jurassic Coast" near Lulworth, England. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-057. Charyn Canyon. Kazakhstan. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion.

Photo-058. Charyn Canyon. Kazakhstan. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion.

Photo-059. The fallen Earth. Mangyshlak, Kazakhstan. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion.

Photo-060. Multicolored rocks Zhangye Danxia, China. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-061. The Kotui River. Putorana Plateau. Siberia. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-062. South Urals, the river Juruzan. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-063.Taimyrsky reserve. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-064. Antarctica. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-065. Montenegro. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-066. The edge of the Karakum Desert. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-067. Timna national park in Israel. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-068. Andes. Erosion of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-069. Tibet. Erosion of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-070. Turkmenistan. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-071. The Goblin Valley. USA. The state of Utah. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion.

Rocks - the crumpled surface of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

During the destruction of the Ancient Planet, the sedimentary cover broke and crumpled. The flat surface of the ocean floor is strongly inclined to the horizon, but has not yet been eroded. The sharp peaks of the rocks are formed by the lateral faces of the broken sedimentary cover.

Photo-072. Mountains of Dolomites, Italy. The flat plateau of the ocean floor is strongly inclined toward the horizon.

Photo-073. Mountains of Colorado. USA. The flat plateau of the ocean floor is strongly inclined toward the horizon.

Photo-074. Rocky Mountains. Alberta, Canada. The flat plateau of the ocean floor is strongly inclined toward the horizon. On its surface, sedimentary rocks are washed down by sediments of water in the gorge.

Photo-075. Tibet. The end part of the crumpled sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet is visible.

Photo-076. The Northern Cordillera. Peyto Lake, Canada. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-077. Southern Cordilleras - Andes. The sedimentary cover is worn out during the destruction of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-078. Saddle Mountain. Dagestan. The saddle cover is crushed during the destruction of the Ancient Planet.

Cracks in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Deformation of the cortex of the Ancient Planet led to the formation of cracks, which caused accelerated erosion of the sedimentary cover, because of the huge waves that accompanied the destruction of the planet, and then due to atmospheric precipitation.

Photo-079. East African rift system. The breakdown of the continental slab in the course of the destruction of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-080. A crack in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Kazungula, Zambia. Africa.

Photo-081. The Grand Canyon break in Arizona. USA. You can see the flat surface of the ocean floor of the Ancient Planet, still untouched by erosion.

Photo-082. The Grand Canyon break in Arizona. USA. Erosion of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-083. Valley of the Toenki River, Krasnoyarsk Territory. Russia. A crack in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. You can see the flat surface of the ocean floor of the Ancient Planet, still untouched by erosion.

Photo-084. Karas, Namibia. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion. Canyon Fish River.

Photo-085. Table mountains near Cape Town South Africa. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Erosion.

Photo-086. The Tysyl Gorge. Caucasus. A sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Continental plates continue to crackle and now.

Photo-087. The rift in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Wyoming-1. USA.

Photo-088. The rift in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. The state of Wyoming-2. USA.

Photo-089. The rift in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. The state of Wyoming-3. USA.

Photo-090. The San Andreas fault in California. USA. The reason for the beginning of erosion of the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet.

Photo-091. A crack in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Canyonland Park, in Utah, United States.

Photo-092. A crack in the sedimentary cover of the Ancient Planet. Mexico.

Photo-093. A crack in the East African rift valley. In September 2005, a rift appeared in the East African rift valley and was immediately filled with lava.

If the cracks are not filled with lava, they fail in the sedimentary rocks.

Photo-094. Russia. Sakha. Siberia. Crater Batagayka, a view from outer space. (wikimapia)

Photo-095. Russia. Sakha. Siberia. Crater Batagayka.

Photo-096. Crater Batagayka. Failure in the crack of the lithospheric plate: 120 m. At 1.5 km.

Photo-097. Crater Batagayka. Depth up to 100 meters.

A similar failure of sedimentary rocks in the crack, not filled with lava, can be observed on the cooled wreck of the Ancient Planet - Mars.

Photo-098. The planet Mars. Crack in the bark and volcanoes.

Photo-099. Failure of sedimentary rocks in the fracture. Mars. Overall plan.

Photo-100. Failure of sedimentary rocks in the fracture. Mars. Close-up. Landslides.

Photo-101. The cause that caused a crack in the cortex of Mars is a large asteroid (a small fragment of the Ancient Planet).

The same asteroid is the cause of all major volcanoes on Mars.

Photo-102. Volcano Olympus. Mars. Eruption of the molten body of the asteroid.

Earthquakes.

Tidal deformations of the earth's crust, caused by the gravitation of the Moon and the Sun, circle the Earth's surface twice a day. In the new moon and the full moon, the tides from the Sun and Moon coincide, so their values are added in. Tidal deformations cause movements of the broken continental slab of the Ancient Planet at the junctions with the newly formed bark from the basalt.

Photo-103. Map of earthquake localization on the Earth's surface.

Strong movements are short-lived. The surface is oscillated. Fluctuations in the surface lead to the destruction of human buildings.

Photo-104. Earthquake in the city of Niigata, Japan 1964. Soil softening.

Photo-105. Earthquake in Japan. Koba. 1995-01-17.

Photo-106. Earthquake in Chile. 2015-09-17.

Strong plate movements in the ocean lead to a wave of "tsunami."

Photo-107. Tsunami in Japan, 2011-03-11.

Three structural layers in the lithosphere of the AP.

By the formation time, the lithosphere can be divided into three structural layers.

1. The first structural layer was formed at the stage of the molten planet from liquid magma. Material with different density was divided into different levels, under the influence of gravitational force and Archimedean force. Gases emerge from the magma to the surface of the planet. The atmosphere is forming. The atmosphere condenses water, forming the ocean.

2. The second structural layer was formed upon contact of basalt with water. The granite, 35 kilometers thick, was formed by the contact of basalt with a 68-kilometer-deep ocean of water, due to magma outflows to the planet's surface from tidal deformations in the cortex and a powerful source of heat in the bowels of the planet. Precipitation of volcanic eruptions in the aquatic environment forms layers parallel to each other and the surface of the ocean floor. The second structural layer is the continental slab of the Ancient Planet. Her pieces on Earth are continents.

3. The third structural layer is a sedimentary cover of biogenic origin. It is formed in conditions of volcanic calm. There is no land, the entire planet is covered by a hot deep ocean (68 km), there is no erosion.

Photo-108. Kazakhstan. The national reserve Ustyurt. Promoins in the sedimentary cover due to the movement of large water (not rainwater). Left top and bottom right. (wikimapia)

Photo-109. Kazakhstan. The national reserve Ustyurt. The white strip on the upper right is a section of the limestone layer. Under it, a sedimentary cover formed in the water environment from eruptions of underwater volcanoes, below the sedimentary cover, formed in the water environment from magma outpourings (dark color). (wikimapia)

Photo-110. Kazakhstan. The national reserve Ustyurt. Sedimentary cover of the second structural type (dark color). (wikimapia)